Short answer
No, you should avoid giving sugar to a young puppy. While not toxic, sugar provides zero nutritional value for a growing puppy and can set up poor dietary habits, contribute to obesity, and harm developing teeth. A puppy's small size also means even a tiny amount has a bigger impact. Stick to puppy-specific treats or tiny bits of their regular kibble for training. If they accidentally ingest some, just watch for an upset stomach and consult your vet if you're concerned.
Sugar — Food safety facts
Feed with care · Dogs · full breakdown on the linked food page
No nutritional value and it feeds obesity and dental disease. Not toxic, just pointless.
The full verdict, portion guidance and serving notes are collected on the Sugar food facts page.