Short answer
No, a small amount of sugar is not toxic for cats of any size. The main risks are long-term, like weight gain and dental issues. A tiny lick is unlikely to cause immediate harm, but larger amounts could upset a small stomach more easily. Just offer fresh water, watch for any vomiting or diarrhea, and call your vet if those signs appear.
Sugar — Food safety facts
Feed with care · Cats · full breakdown on the linked food page
No nutritional value and it feeds obesity and dental disease. Not toxic, just pointless.
The full verdict, portion guidance and serving notes are collected on the Sugar food facts page.