Figs — Food safety facts
Feed with care · Dogs · full breakdown on the linked food page
Small amounts of fresh fig are fine; the milky sap and dry figs can upset the stomach in quantity.
Short answer
No, a single fresh fig is not toxic to dogs. The milky sap in the leaves and stems can irritate the mouth and stomach, and eating a lot of dried figs could cause an upset stomach. Just watch for drooling, vomiting, or diarrhea over the next day, and call your vet if you see those signs.