Short answer
No, a few grains are harmless. A light sprinkle of black pepper is generally safe for cats. Large amounts can cause stomach upset and mouth irritation. Just watch your cat for any signs of drooling, vomiting, or not wanting to eat, and call your vet if you see those.
Black pepper — Food safety facts
Feed with care · Cats · full breakdown on the linked food page
A light sprinkle is harmless. Large amounts irritate the stomach.
The full verdict, portion guidance and serving notes are collected on the Black pepper food facts page.