Short answer
Yes, French fries are significantly worse for dogs than plain boiled potatoes. While both come from the same vegetable, fries are deep-fried in oil and heavily salted, which makes them high in fat and sodium. This combination dramatically increases the risk of pancreatitis and salt toxicity in dogs. A small piece of plain, boiled potato is a much safer occasional treat, whereas fries should be avoided altogether.
French fries — Food safety facts
Feed with care · Dogs · full breakdown on the linked food page
Deep-fried and heavily salted. High pancreatitis risk.
The full verdict, portion guidance and serving notes are collected on the French fries food facts page.