How wobbliness signals phase one in a 15 kg dog
Your dog's unsteady gait means the antifreeze has reached his nervous system, typically within 30 minutes to 3 hours post-ingestion. At 15 kg, his smaller body weight makes him more vulnerable than larger dogs to neurological effects like disorientation, head tremors, or excessive panting. These early signs occur as ethylene glycol metabolizes into alcohol-like compounds that depress the central nervous system.
Phase one often includes increased thirst and urination as the kidneys try to flush the toxin. Don't mistake this for recovery—it's a dangerous window where irreversible kidney damage is already brewing. Dogs may seem 'drunk' or overly affectionate during this stage. Avoid home remedies; even activated charcoal is ineffective against antifreeze toxins.
The quiet crisis between 3-12 hours
Many owners relax during this period because the dog appears normal, but internally, the toxin is converting to oxalic acid—the compound that crystallizes in kidneys. Small dogs like yours are especially prone to rapid metabolic changes. Subtle clues like slightly reduced energy or less frequent urination often go unnoticed until severe damage occurs.
Vets sometimes miss this stage if owners delay reporting ingestion, assuming the danger passed. Blood tests at this point might show elevated calcium oxalate crystals or mild acidosis. Dogs who receive the antidote during this window have the best survival odds, as it prevents further toxin conversion before crystals form.
When the kidneys start failing (12-24 hours)
Expect vomiting, refusal to eat, and possible seizures as oxalic acid attacks the kidneys. Your dog may strain to urinate but produce little or no urine—a dire sign of acute kidney injury. Smaller dogs deteriorate faster; at 15 kg, he could progress to coma within 36 hours without treatment.
Emergency vets focus on aggressive IV fluids, kidney protectants, and sometimes dialysis to filter toxins. Bloodwork now shows skyrocketing creatinine levels. Even with treatment, some dogs develop permanent kidney disease requiring lifelong special diets and medications. The prognosis turns grave after 24 hours without intervention.
Long-term risks after antifreeze exposure
Survivors often need follow-up blood tests for months to monitor kidney function. Dogs with partial kidney damage might seem healthy but have reduced lifespan. Watch for increased water intake, weight loss, or bad breath—these can signal chronic kidney issues developing weeks later.
Prevent future access by storing antifreeze in sealed containers above paw height. The 15 kg body weight that made this episode so dangerous also means recovery will be harder on his system than for a larger dog. Immediate vet care remains critical—every hour lowers his chances.
For a dose worked out against your pet's weight, use the Antifreeze Poisoning Calculator.